Practicing Coexistence in Civil Society: Syrian Refugees in Turkey

Introduction

Contrary to the homogenizing discourses of many populist leaders that prioritize naturalized populations, current global trends present us with heterogeneous societies, the realities of which require more comprehensive solutions than the emergency aid and service provision that characterize many programs of refugee-receiving countries. Institutions that can govern diversity and practices that support diversified common public spheres are harder to build because they bring up questions relating to democratic participation and the construction of citizenship. The global movement of people brings into sharper focus the larger questions of our time, such as how to live with Others and who belongs.

Conclusions

Localized approaches are crucial in creating effective and participatory responses to the refugee issue. There are two dimensions to consider. First, civil society plays a significant role in creating positive experiences of coming together. These should be supported and multiplied. Solidarity networks organized at the neighborhood level are especially crucial to fostering coexistence. Second, local governments are strategically placed to reach out to newcomers in the community, provide services, and support the activities of grassroots civil society initiatives. 

• Adopting a rights-based approach rather than service-/charity-based approach can prevent the instrumentalization of refugees by political actors. 

• In supporting civil society initiatives, donors must pay utmost attention to how funding is designed in order to preserve grassroots perspectives. Moreover, funding needs to support action that includes both hosts and newcomers. Otherwise services provided for Syrians turn into a source of resentment and increase the tension between the two communities. 

• Projects that aim to increase the capacity of Syrians to find employment or provide direct opportunities for employment such as Cash for Work are more beneficial than projects that distribute direct assistance or cash. Community-based protection that empowers Syrians to participate in society and shape their demands promotes sustainability. 

• Awareness campaigns need to be increased to dispel misinformation and unfounded prejudices that reinforce public resentment.